线程简介

线程、进程、多线程

  • 线程就是独立的执行路径
  • 在程序运行时,即使没有自己创建线程,后台也会有多个线程,如主线程,gc线程
  • main() 称之为主线程,为系统的入口,用于执行整个程序
  • 在一个进程中,如果开辟了多个线程,线程的运行由调度器安排调度,调度器是与操作系统紧密相关的,先后顺序是不能人为干预的
  • 对同一份资源操作时,会存在资源抢夺的问题,需要加入并发控制
  • 线程会带来额外的开销,如cpu调度时间,并发控制开销
  • 每个线程在自己的工作内存交互,内存控制不当会造成数据不一致

线程创建

三种创建方式:

  • Thread class 继承Thread类(重点)
  • Runnable接口 实现Runnable接口(重点)
  • Callable接口 实现Callable接口(了解)

继承Thread类

  • 自定义线程类继承Thread类
  • 重写run()方法,编写线程执行体
  • 创建线程对象,调用start()方法启动线程
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package com.wang.demo01;
//创建线程方式之一:继承Thread类,重写run()方法,调用start开启线程

//总结:注意,线程开启不一定立即执行,由cpu调度执行

public class TestThread1 extends Thread{
@Override
public void run() {
//run方法线程体
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
System.out.println("我在看代码---"+i);
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
//main线程,主线程

//创建一个线程对象
TestThread1 testThread1 = new TestThread1();

//调用start()方法开启线程
testThread1.start();

for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
System.out.println("我在学习多线程---"+i);
}
}
}

线程开启不一定立即执行,由cpu调度执行


网图下载:

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package com.wang.demo01;

import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;

//练习Thread,实现多线程同步下载图片
public class TestThread2 extends Thread{
private String url; //网络图片地址
private String name; //保存的文件名

public TestThread2(String url, String name) {
this.url = url;
this.name = name;
}


//下载图片线程的执行体
@Override
public void run() {
WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
webDownloader.downloader(url,name);
System.out.println("下载了文件名为:"+name);
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThread2 t1 = new TestThread2("https://typora-wjl.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/avatar.jpg","a.jpg");
TestThread2 t2 = new TestThread2("https://typora-wjl.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/avatar.jpg","b.jpg");
TestThread2 t3 = new TestThread2("https://typora-wjl.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/avatar.jpg","c.jpg");
t1.start();
t2.start();
t3.start();
}
}

//下载器
class WebDownloader{
//下载方法
public void downloader(String url,String name) {
try {
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url), new File(name));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("IO异常,downloader方法出现问题");
}
}
}

实现Runnable接口

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package com.wang.demo01;

//创建线程方式2:实现Runnable接口。 重写run方法,执行线程需要丢入runnable接口实现类,调用start方法
public class TestThread3 implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
//run方法线程体
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
System.out.println("我在看代码---"+i);
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
//创建runnable接口的实现类对象
TestThread3 testThread3 = new TestThread3();
//创建线程对象,通过线程对象来开启我们的线程,代理
// Thread thread = new Thread(testThread3);
// thread.start();
new Thread(testThread3).start();

for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
System.out.println("我在学习多线程---"+i);
}
}
}

小结

继承Thread类:

  • 子类继承Thread类具备多线程能力
  • 启动线程:子类对象.start()
  • 不建议使用:避免OOP单继承局限性

实现Runnable接口:

  • 实现接口Runnable具有多线程能力
  • 启动线程:传入目标对象+Thread对象.start()
  • 推荐使用:避免单继承局限性,灵活方便,方便同一个对象被多个线程使用

并发问题

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package com.wang.demo01;

//多个线程同时操作同一个对象
//买火车票的例子

//发现问题:多个线程操作同一个资源的情况下,线程不安全,数据紊乱
public class TestThread4 implements Runnable{

//票数
private int ticketNums = 10;

@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
if (ticketNums<=0) {
break;
}
//模拟延时
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->拿到了第"+ticketNums--+"票");
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThread4 ticket = new TestThread4();

new Thread(ticket,"小明").start();
new Thread(ticket,"老师").start();
new Thread(ticket,"黄牛党").start();
}
}

案例:龟兔赛跑-Race

  1. 首先来个赛道距离,然后离终点越来越近
  2. 判断比赛是否结束
  3. 打印出胜利者
  4. 龟兔赛跑开始
  5. 故事中乌龟是赢的,兔子需要睡觉,所以我们来模拟兔子睡觉
  6. 终于,乌龟赢得比赛
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package com.wang.demo01;

//模拟龟兔赛跑
public class Race implements Runnable{

//胜利者
private static String winner;

@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i <= 100; i++) {

//模拟兔子休息
if (Thread.currentThread().getName().equals("兔子")&& i%10==0) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

//判断比赛是否结束
boolean flag = gameOver(i);
//如果比赛结束了,就停止程序
if (flag) {
break;
}

System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->跑了"+i+"步");
}
}

//判断是否完成比赛
private boolean gameOver(int steps) {
//判断是否有胜利者
if (winner!=null) {//已经有胜利者了
return true;
}{
if (steps>=100) {
winner = Thread.currentThread().getName();
System.out.println("winner is "+winner);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
Race race = new Race();
new Thread(race,"兔子").start();
new Thread(race,"乌龟").start();
}
}

实现Callable接口(了解即可)

Callable的好处:

  1. 可以定义返回值
  2. 可以抛出异常
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package com.wang.demo02;

import com.wang.demo01.TestThread2;
import org.apache.commons.io.FileUtils;

import java.io.File;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.concurrent.*;

//线程创建方式三:实现Callable接口
public class TextCallable implements Callable<Boolean> {
private String url; //网络图片地址
private String name; //保存的文件名

public TextCallable(String url, String name) {
this.url = url;
this.name = name;
}

//下载图片线程的执行体
@Override
public Boolean call() {
WebDownloader webDownloader = new WebDownloader();
webDownloader.downloader(url,name);
System.out.println("下载了文件名为:"+name);
return true;
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
TextCallable t1 = new TextCallable("https://typora-wjl.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/avatar.jpg","a.jpg");
TextCallable t2 = new TextCallable("https://typora-wjl.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/avatar.jpg","b.jpg");
TextCallable t3 = new TextCallable("https://typora-wjl.oss-cn-beijing.aliyuncs.com/avatar.jpg","c.jpg");

//创建执行服务
ExecutorService ser = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(3);
//提交执行
Future<Boolean> r1 = ser.submit(t1);
Future<Boolean> r2 = ser.submit(t2);
Future<Boolean> r3 = ser.submit(t3);
//获取结果
boolean rs1 = r1.get();
boolean rs2 = r2.get();
boolean rs3 = r3.get();
System.out.println(rs1);
System.out.println(rs2);
System.out.println(rs3);
//关闭服务
ser.shutdownNow();
}
}

//下载器
class WebDownloader{
//下载方法
public void downloader(String url,String name) {
try {
FileUtils.copyURLToFile(new URL(url), new File(name));
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
System.out.println("IO异常,downloader方法出现问题");
}
}
}

Lambda表达式

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package com.wang.lambda;

/*
推导lambda表达式
*/
public class TestLambda1 {
//3.静态内部类
static class Like2 implements ILike {
@Override
public void lambda() {
System.out.println("I like lambda2");
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ILike like = new Like();
like.lambda();

like = new Like2();
like.lambda();

//4.局部内部类
class Like3 implements ILike {
@Override
public void lambda() {
System.out.println("I like lambda3");
}
}
like = new Like3();
like.lambda();

//5.匿名内部类,没有类的名称,必须借助接口或者父类
like = new ILike() {

@Override
public void lambda() {
System.out.println("I like lambda4");
}
};
like.lambda();

//6.用lambda简化
like = ()->{
System.out.println("I like lambda5");
};
like.lambda();
}
}

//1.定义一个函数式接口
interface ILike{
void lambda();
}

//2.实现类
class Like implements ILike{
@Override
public void lambda() {
System.out.println("I like lambda");
}
}
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package com.wang.lambda;

public class TestLambda2 {
//2.
// static class Love implements ILove {
//
// @Override
// public void love(int a) {
// System.out.println("I love you-->"+a);
// }
// }

public static void main(String[] args) {
//3.
// class Love implements ILove {
//
// @Override
// public void love(int a) {
// System.out.println("I love you-->"+a);
// }
// }

//4.
// ILove love = new ILove() {
// @Override
// public void love(int a) {
// System.out.println("I love you-->"+a);
// }
// };
// love.love(2);

//lambda表达式简化
// ILove love = (int a)-> {
// System.out.println("I love you-->"+a);
// };
//简化1.去掉参数类型
ILove love = null;
// love = (a)-> {
// System.out.println("I love you-->"+a);
// };

//简化2.简化括号
// love = a ->{
// System.out.println("I love you-->"+a);
// };

//简化3:去掉花括号
love = a -> System.out.println("I love you-->"+a);

//总结:
//lambda表达式只能有一行代码的情况下才能简化成为一行,如果有多行,那么就用代码块包裹
//前提是接口是函数式接口(接口里只有一个方法)
//多个参数也可以去掉参数类型,要去掉就都去掉,必须加上括号
love.love(2);
}
}

interface ILove {
void love (int a);
}

//1.
//class Love implements ILove {
//
// @Override
// public void love(int a) {
// System.out.println("I love you-->"+a);
// }
//}

静态代理模式

  • 你:真实角色
  • 婚庆公司:代理你,帮你处理结婚的事
  • 结婚:实现都实现结婚接口即可

演示:实现静态代理对比Thread

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package com.wang;
//静态代理模式总结:
//真实对象和代理对象都要实现同一个接口
//代理对象要代理真实角色

//好处:
//代理对象可以做很多真实对象做不了的事情
//真实对象专注做自己的事情

import com.sun.scenario.effect.impl.sw.sse.SSEBlend_SRC_OUTPeer;

public class StaticProxy {
public static void main(String[] args) {
// You you = new You();//你要结婚
// new Thread(()->System.out.println("我爱你") ).start();
// new WeddingCompany(new You()).HappyMarry();
WeddingCompany weddingCompany = new WeddingCompany(new You());
weddingCompany.HappyMarry();
}
}

interface Marry {
void HappyMarry();
}

//真实角色,你去结婚
class You implements Marry{

@Override
public void HappyMarry() {
System.out.println("xxx要结婚了,超开心");
}
}

//代理角色,帮助你结婚
class WeddingCompany implements Marry{
//代理谁-->真实目标角色
private Marry target;

public WeddingCompany(Marry target) {
this.target = target;
}

@Override
public void HappyMarry() {
before();
this.target.HappyMarry();//这就是真实对象
after();

}

private void after() {
System.out.println("结婚之后,收尾款");
}

private void before() {
System.out.println("结婚之前,布置现场");
}

}

线程状态

线程方法

线程停止

  • 不推荐使用JDK提供的stop()、destory()方法。【已废弃】
  • 推荐线程自己停止下来
  • 建议使用一个标志位进行终止变量;当flag=false,则终止线程运行
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package com.wang.state;

//测试stop
//1.建议线程正常停止--->利用次数,不建议死循环
//2.建议使用标志位--->设置一个标志位
//3.不要使用stop或者destory等过时或者JDK不建议使用的方法

public class TestStop implements Runnable{

//1.设置一个标志位
private boolean flag = true;
@Override
public void run() {
int i = 0;
while (flag) {
System.out.println("run...Thread"+i++);
}
}

//2.设置一个公开的方法停止线程,转换标志位
public void stop(){
this.flag=false;
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
TestStop testStop = new TestStop();
new Thread(testStop).start();

for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
System.out.println("main"+i);
if (i==900) {
//调用stop方法切换标志位,让线程停止
testStop.stop();
System.out.println("线程该停止了");
}
}
}
}

线程休眠

  • sleep(时间)指定当前线程阻塞的毫秒数
  • sleep存在异常InterruptedException
  • sleep时间达到后线程进入就绪状态
  • sleep可以模拟网络延迟,倒计时等
  • 每一个对象都有一个锁,sleep不会释放锁
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package com.wang.state;

import com.wang.demo01.TestThread4;

//模拟网络延时:放大问题的发生性
public class TestSleep implements Runnable {
//票数
private int ticketNums = 10;

@Override
public void run() {
while (true) {
if (ticketNums <= 0) {
break;
}
//模拟延时
try {
Thread.sleep(200);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "-->拿到了第" + ticketNums-- + "票");
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) {
TestThread4 ticket = new TestThread4();

new Thread(ticket,"小明").start();
new Thread(ticket,"老师").start();
new Thread(ticket,"黄牛党").start();
}
}
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package com.wang.state;

import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Date;

//模拟倒计时
public class TestSleep2 {

public static void main(String[] args) {
// try {
// tenDown();
// } catch (InterruptedException e) {
// e.printStackTrace();
// }

//打印当前系统时间
Date startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//获取系统当前时间
while (true) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss").format(startTime));
startTime = new Date(System.currentTimeMillis());//更新当前时间
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}

//模拟倒计时
public static void tenDown() throws InterruptedException{
int num = 10;
while (true) {
Thread.sleep(1000);
System.out.println(num--);
if (num<=0) {
break;
}
}
}
}

线程礼让_yield

  • 礼让线程,让当前正在执行的线程暂停,但不阻塞
  • 将线程从运行状态转为就绪状态
  • 让CPU重新调度,礼让不一定成功!看CPU心情
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package com.wang.state;

//测试礼让进程
//礼让不一定成功看CPU心情
public class TestYield {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyYield myYield = new MyYield();

new Thread(myYield,"a").start();
new Thread(myYield,"b").start();
}
}

class MyYield implements Runnable {

@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程开始执行");
Thread.yield();//礼让
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"线程停止执行");
}
}

线程强制执行_join

  • Join合并线程,待线程执行完成后,再执行其他线程,其他线程阻塞
  • 可以想象成插队
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package com.wang.state;

//测试join方法
//想象为插队
public class TestJoin implements Runnable{
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++) {
System.out.println("VIP来了"+i);
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {

//启动我们的线程
TestJoin testJoin = new TestJoin();
Thread thread = new Thread(testJoin);
thread.start();

//主线程
for (int i = 0; i < 500; i++) {
if (i==200) {
thread.join();//插队
}
System.out.println("main"+i);
}
}
}

观测线程状态

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package com.wang.state;

//观察测试线程的状态
public class TestState {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
Thread thread = new Thread(()->{
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("/////");
});

//观察状态
Thread.State state = thread.getState();
System.out.println(state);//NEW

//观察启动后
thread.start();//启动线程
thread.getState();
System.out.println(state);//Run

while (state != Thread.State.TERMINATED){//只要线程不终止,就一直输出状态
Thread.sleep(100);
state = thread.getState();//更新线程状态
System.out.println(state);//输出状态
}
}
}

线程优先级

  • 优先级的设定建议在start()调度前
  • 优先级低只是意味着获得调度的概率低,并不是优先级低就不会被调用了。这都是看CPU的调度
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package com.wang.state;

//测试线程的优先级
public class TestPriority {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//主线程默认优先级
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
MyPriority myPriority = new MyPriority();

Thread t1 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t2 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t3 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t4 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t5 = new Thread(myPriority);
Thread t6 = new Thread(myPriority);

//先设置优先级,再启动
t1.start();

t2.setPriority(1);
t2.start();

t3.setPriority(4);
t3.start();

t4.setPriority(Thread.MAX_PRIORITY);//MAX_PRIORITY=10
t4.start();

t5.setPriority(8);
t5.start();

t6.setPriority(7);
t6.start();
}
}

class MyPriority implements Runnable {

@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"-->"+Thread.currentThread().getPriority());
}
}

守护(daemon)线程

  • 线程分为用户线程和守护线程
  • 虚拟机必须确保用户线程执行完毕
  • 虚拟机不用等待守护线程执行完毕
  • 如,后台记录操作日志,监控内存,垃圾回收等待…
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package com.wang.state;

//测试守护线程
//上帝守护你
public class Daemon {
public static void main(String[] args) {
God god = new God();
You you = new You();

Thread thread = new Thread(god);
thread.setDaemon(true);//默认是false表示是用户线程,正常的线程都是用户线程...

thread.start();//上帝守护线程启动

new Thread(you).start();//你 用户线程启动..
}
}

//上帝
class God implements Runnable{

@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
System.out.println("上帝保佑着你");
}
}
}
//你
class You implements Runnable{

@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 36500; i++) {
System.out.println("你一生都开心的活着");
}
System.out.println("-=====Goodbye!world!");
}
}

线程同步

线程同步机制

  • 线程同步:多个线程操作同一个资源

  • 并发:同一个对象被多个线程同时操作

  • 处理多线程问题时,多个线程访问同一个对象,并且某些线程还想修改这个对象,这时候我们就需要线程同步。线程同步其实就是一种等待机制,多个需要同时访问此对象的线程进入这个对象的等待池形成队列,等待前面线程使用完毕,下一个线程再使用

  • 线程同步形成条件:队列+锁

三大不安全案例

  • 买票
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package com.wang.syn;

//不安全的买票
//线程不安全,有负数
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuyTicket station = new BuyTicket();

new Thread(station,"我").start();
new Thread(station,"你们").start();
new Thread(station,"黄牛党").start();
}
}

class BuyTicket implements Runnable {

//票
private int ticketNums = 10;
boolean flag = true;//外部停止方式
@Override
public void run() {
//买票
while (flag){
try {
buy();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
private void buy() throws InterruptedException {
//判断是否有票
if (ticketNums<=0){
flag = false;
return;
}
//模拟延时
Thread.sleep(100);
//买票
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到"+ticketNums--);
}
}
  • 银行取钱
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package com.wang.syn;

//不安全的取钱
//两个人去银行取钱,账户
public class UnsafeBank {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//账户
Account account = new Account(100,"结婚基金");
Drawing you = new Drawing(account,50,"你");
Drawing yourWife = new Drawing(account,100,"yourWife");

you.start();
yourWife.start();
}
}

//账户
class Account {
int money;//余额
String name;//卡名

public Account(int money, String name) {
this.money = money;
this.name = name;
}
}

//银行:模拟取款
class Drawing extends Thread{

Account account;//账户
//取了多少钱
int drawingMoney;
//现在手里有多少钱
int nowMoney;

public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
super(name);
this.account = account;
this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
}

//取钱

@Override
public void run() {
if (account.money-drawingMoney<0){
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"钱不够,取不了");
return;
}

//sleep可以放大问题的发生性
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

//卡内余额 = 余额 - 你取的钱
account.money = account.money-drawingMoney;
//你手里的钱
nowMoney = nowMoney + drawingMoney;

System.out.println(account.name+"余额为:"+account.money);
//Thread.currentThread().getName() =this.getName()
System.out.println(this.getName()+"手里的钱为:"+nowMoney);
}
}
  • 集合
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package com.wang.syn;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

//线程不安全的集合
public class UnsafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}).start();
}
Thread.sleep(3000);
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}

同步方法及同步块

同步方法

同步方法弊端:

代码分为只读的A代码+可修改的B代码

  • 方法里面需要修改的内容才需要锁,锁的太多,浪费资源

同步块

上述三大不安全案例加锁变安全:

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package com.wang.syn;

//不安全的买票
//线程不安全,有负数
public class UnsafeBuyTicket {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BuyTicket station = new BuyTicket();

new Thread(station,"我").start();
new Thread(station,"你们").start();
new Thread(station,"黄牛党").start();
}
}

class BuyTicket implements Runnable{

//票
private int ticketNums = 10;
boolean flag = true;//外部停止方式
@Override
public void run(){

//买票
while (flag){
//模拟延时
try {
Thread.sleep(100);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
buy();
}
}

//synchronized 同步方法,锁的是this
private synchronized void buy(){
//判断是否有票
if (ticketNums<=0){
flag = false;
return;
}

//买票
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+"拿到"+ticketNums--);
}
}
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package com.wang.syn;

//不安全的取钱
//两个人去银行取钱,账户
public class UnsafeBank {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//账户
Account account = new Account(100,"结婚基金");
Drawing you = new Drawing(account,50,"你");
Drawing yourWife = new Drawing(account,100,"yourWife");

you.start();
yourWife.start();
}
}

//账户
class Account {
int money;//余额
String name;//卡名

public Account(int money, String name) {
this.money = money;
this.name = name;
}
}

//银行:模拟取款
class Drawing extends Thread{

Account account;//账户
//取了多少钱
int drawingMoney;
//现在手里有多少钱
int nowMoney;

public Drawing(Account account,int drawingMoney,String name){
super(name);
this.account = account;
this.drawingMoney = drawingMoney;
}

//取钱
//synchronized默认锁的是 this.
@Override
public void run() {

//锁的对象就是变化的量,需要增删改的对象
synchronized (account) {
if (account.money - drawingMoney < 0) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "钱不够,取不了");
return;
}

//sleep可以放大问题的发生性
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}

//卡内余额 = 余额 - 你取的钱
account.money = account.money - drawingMoney;
//你手里的钱
nowMoney = nowMoney + drawingMoney;

System.out.println(account.name + "余额为:" + account.money);
//Thread.currentThread().getName() =this.getName()
System.out.println(this.getName() + "手里的钱为:" + nowMoney);
}
}
}
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package com.wang.syn;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

//线程不安全的集合
public class UnsafeList {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
List<String> list = new ArrayList<>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
synchronized (list) {

}
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}).start();
}
Thread.sleep(3000);
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}

测试JUC安全类型的集合

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package com.wang.syn;

import java.util.concurrent.CopyOnWriteArrayList;

//测试JUC安全类型的集合
public class TestJUC {
public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
CopyOnWriteArrayList<String> list = new CopyOnWriteArrayList<String>();
for (int i = 0; i < 10000; i++) {
new Thread(()->{
list.add(Thread.currentThread().getName());
}).start();
}
Thread.sleep(3000);
System.out.println(list.size());
}
}

死锁

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package com.wang.thread;

//死锁:多个线程互相抱着对方需要的资源,然后形成僵持
public class DeadLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Makeup g1 = new Makeup(0, "灰姑凉");
Makeup g2 = new Makeup(1, "白雪公主");

g1.start();
g2.start();
}
}

//口红
class Lipstick{

}

//镜子
class Mirror{

}

class Makeup extends Thread{
//需要的资源只有一份,用static来保证只有一份
static Lipstick lipstick = new Lipstick();
static Mirror mirror = new Mirror();

int choice;//选择
String girlName;//使用化妆品的人

Makeup(int choice,String girlName){
this.choice = choice;
this.girlName = girlName;
}

@Override
public void run() {
//化妆
try {
makeup();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}

//化妆,互相持有对方的锁,就是需要拿到对方的资源
private void makeup() throws InterruptedException {
if (choice==0){
synchronized (lipstick){//获得口红的锁
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁");
Thread.sleep(1000);

}
synchronized (mirror){//一秒钟后想获得镜子
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子的锁");
}
}else {
synchronized (mirror){//获得镜子的锁
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得镜子的锁");
Thread.sleep(2000);

}
synchronized (lipstick){//一秒钟后想获得口红
System.out.println(this.girlName+"获得口红的锁");
}
}
}
}
  • 死锁避免方法:

Lock(锁)

ReentrantLock:可重入锁

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package com.wang.gaoji;

import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;

//测试Lock锁
public class TestLock {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TestLock2 testLock2 = new TestLock2();

new Thread(testLock2).start();
new Thread(testLock2).start();
new Thread(testLock2).start();
}
}

class TestLock2 implements Runnable{

int ticketNums = 10;

//定义lock锁
private final ReentrantLock lock = new ReentrantLock();

@Override
public void run() {
while (true){
try {
lock.lock();//加锁
if (ticketNums>0){
try {
Thread.sleep(1000);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.println(ticketNums--);
}else {
break;
}
} finally {
//解锁
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
}

synchronized与Lock的对比:

生产者消费者问题

线程通信

线程通信-分析

解决方式

方式1

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package com.wang.gaoji;

//测试:生产者消费者模型-->利用缓冲区解决:管程法
//生产者,消费者,产品,缓冲区
public class TestPc {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SynContainer container = new SynContainer();
new Productor(container).start();
new Consumer(container).start();
}
}

//生产者
class Productor extends Thread{
SynContainer container;
public Productor(SynContainer container){
this.container = container;
}
//生产
@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
System.out.println("生产了"+i+"只鸡");
container.push(new Chicken(i));
}
}
}

//消费者
class Consumer extends Thread{
SynContainer container;
public Consumer(SynContainer container){
this.container = container;
}
//消费

@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 100; i++) {
System.out.println("消费了-->"+container.pop().id+"只鸡");
}
}
}

//产品
class Chicken{
int id;//产品编号

public Chicken(int id) {
this.id = id;
}
}

//缓冲区
class SynContainer {
//需要一个容器大小
Chicken[] chickens = new Chicken[10];
//容器计数器
int count = 0;

//生产者放入产品
public synchronized void push(Chicken chicken){
//如果容器满了,就需要等待消费者消费
if (count== chickens.length) {
//通知消费者消费,生产等待
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//如果没有满,我们就需要丢入产品
chickens[count] = chicken;
count++;

//可以通知消费者消费了
this.notifyAll();
}

//消费者消费产品
public synchronized Chicken pop() {
//判断能否消费
if (count==0) {
//等待生产者生产,消费者等待
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
//如果可以消费
count--;
Chicken chicken = chickens[count];

//吃完了,通知生产者生产
this.notifyAll();
return chicken;
}
}

方式2

  • 并发协作模型"生产者/消费者模式"—>信号灯法
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package com.wang.gaoji;

//测试生产者消费者问题2:信号灯法,标志位解决
public class TestPc2 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
TV tv = new TV();
new Player(tv).start();
new Watcher(tv).start();
}
}

//生产者-->演员
class Player extends Thread{
TV tv;
public Player(TV tv){
this.tv = tv;
}

@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
if (i%2==0) {
this.tv.play("快乐大本营播放中");
}else {
this.tv.play("抖音:记录美好生活");
}
}
}
}
//消费者-->观众
class Watcher extends Thread{
TV tv;
public Watcher(TV tv){
this.tv = tv;
}

@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 20; i++) {
tv.watch();
}
}
}
//产品-->节目
class TV{
//演员表演,观众等待 T
//观众观看,演员等待 F
String voice;//表演的节目
boolean flag = true;

//表演
public synchronized void play(String voice){
if (!flag){
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("演员表演了:"+voice);
//通知观众观看
this.notifyAll();//通知唤醒
this.voice = voice;
this.flag = !this.flag;
}
//观看
public synchronized void watch(){
if (flag){
try {
this.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
System.out.println("观看了:"+voice);
//通知演员表演
this.notifyAll();
this.flag = !this.flag;
}
}

使用线程池

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package com.wang.gaoji;

import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
import java.util.concurrent.Executors;

//测试线程池
public class TestPool {
public static void main(String[] args) {
//1.创建服务,创建线程池
//newFixedThreadPool 参数为:线程池大小
ExecutorService service = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(10);

//执行
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());
service.execute(new MyThread());

//2.关闭连接
service.shutdownNow();
}
}

class MyThread implements Runnable{

@Override
public void run() {
for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+i);
}
}
}